Allred, D.M. 1982. "Ants of Utah." Great Basin Nat. 42:415-511.
Bhatkar, A.P., S.B. Vinson, and H. Sittertz-Bhatkar. 1991. "Mass-marking and recognition of marked workers in Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Folia Entomol. Mex. 82:139-159.
Buren, W.F. 1983. "Artificial faunal replacement for imported fire ant control." Florida Entomol. 66:93-100.
Cokendolpher, J.C. 1990. "The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of western Texas. Part III. Additions and corrections.". Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University number 31, 19 p.
Cokendolpher, J.C., and O.F. Francke. 1990. "The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of western Texas. Part II. Subfamilies Ecitoninae, Ponerinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae, and Formicinae.". Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University number 30, p. 1-76.
Francoeur, A. 1975 ("1974"). "Notes for a revision of the ant genus Formica. 1. New identifications and synonymies for some nearctic specimens from Emery, Forel and Mayr collections." Entomol. News 85:257-264.
Goodloe, L., and H. Topoff. 1987. "Pupa acceptance by slaves of the social-parasitic ant Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Psyche 94:293 - 302.
Hunt, J.H., and R.R. Snelling. 1975. "A checklist of the ants of Arizona." J. Ariz. Acad. Sci. 10:20-23.
Jusino-Atresino, R., and S.A. Phillips, Jr. 1992. "New ant records for Taylor Co., Texas." Southwest. Nat. 37:430-433.
—. 1994. "Impact of red imported fire ants on the ant fauna of central Texas." Pp. 259-268 in Exotic ants. Biology, impact, and control of introduced species, edited by D.F. Williams. Westview Press.
MacKay, W.P., D. Lowrie, A. Fisher, E.E. MacKay, and F. Barnes. 1988. "The ants of Los Alamos County, New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Pp. 79-131 in Advances in myrmecology, edited by J.C. Trager. E. J. Brill.
Topoff, H. 1990. "Slave-making ants." Am. Scient. 78:520-528.
Topoff, H., D. Bodoni, P. Sherman, and L. Goodloe. 1987. "The role of scouting in slave raids by Polyergus breviceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Psyche 94:261 - 270.
Topoff, H., S. Cover, L. Greenberg, L. Goodloe, and P. Sherman. 1988. "Colony founding by queens of the obligatory slave-making ant, Polyergus breviceps: the role of the Dufour gland." Ethology 78:209 - 218.
Topoff, H., S. Cover, and A. Jacobs. 1989. "Behavioral adaptations for raiding in the slave-making ant, Polyergus breviceps." J. Insect Behav. 2:545-556.
Topoff, H., M. Inez-Pagani, L. Mack, and M. Goldstein. 1985a. "Behavioral ecology of the slave-making ant, Polyergus breviceps, in a desert habitat." Southwest. Nat. 30:289-295.
Topoff, H., B. LaMon, L. Goodloe, and M. Goldstein. 1985b. "Ecology of raiding behavior in the western slave-making ant Polyergus breviceps (Formicidae)." Southwest. Nat. 30:259-267.
Topoff, H., and R. Mendez. 1990. "Slave raid by a diminutive colony of the socially parasitic ant, Polyergus breviceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." J. Insect Behav. 3:819-821.
Topoff, H., M. Pagani, M. Goldstein, and L. Mack. 1985c. "Orientation behavior of the slave-making ant Polyergus breviceps in an oak-woodland habitat." J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 93:1041-1046.
Topoff, H., and E. Zimmerli. 1993. "Colony takeover by a socially parasitic ant, Polyergus breviceps: the role of chemicals obtained during host-queen killing." Anim. Behav. 46:479-486.
Wheeler, G.C., and J. Wheeler. 1985. "A checklist of Texas ants." Prairie Nat. 17:49-64.
This list was compiled by first searching Formis 2001 for references with 'Formica gnava' in any field. The resulting list was edited to remove any entries that were dissertations, specific to pest control, concerned primarily with myrmecophiles or predators, or, generally judged to have marginal relevance to this ant species.