**************************************************************** lassort: sorts the points of a LAS file into z-order arranged cells of a square quad tree and saves them into LAS or LAZ format. This is useful to bucket together returns from different swaths or to merge first and last returns that were stored in separate files. For standard LAS/LAZ files one simply chooses a -bucket_size to specify the resolution of finest quad tree cell. A bucket size of, for example, 5 creates 5x5 unit buckets. The z-order traversal of the quad tree creates implicit "finalization tags" that can later be used for streaming processing. For LAS/LAZ files that are part of a tiling that was created with lastile it is beneficial to specify the resolution via the number of -levels of subtiling this tile. This has the advantage that both the tiling and the subtiling can be used during streaming processing. Another option is -average to coarsen the resolution of the quadtree until the average number of points per cell is as specified. The square quad tree used by lassort can (eventually) be exploited by "streaming TIN" generation code to seamlessly Delaunay triangulate large LAS/LAZ files (or large amounts of LAS/LAZ tiles) in a highly memory-efficient fashion. For that purpose, lassort either adds (or updates) a small VLR to the header the generated LAS/LAZ file. Large amounts of LAS data should first be sorted into tiles with lastile - which operates out-of-core - because lassort does its bucket sort in memory. Alternatively lassort can sort a LAS/LAZ file in GPS time order or in a point source ID order (or first sort by point source IDs and then by time). Please license from martin.isenburg@gmail.com to use lassort commercially. For updates check the website or join the LAStools mailing list. http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/ http://groups.google.com/group/lastools/ https://lidarbb.cr.usgs.gov/index.php?showtopic=11859 http://twitter.com/lastools/ http://facebook.com/lastools/ Martin @lastools **************************************************************** example usage: >> lassort *.las z-orders all LAS files with a default bucket size. >> lassort flight1*.las flight2*.las -gps_time sorts all LAS files by their GPS time >> lassort *.las -olaz -point_source sorts all LAS files by their point source ID and stores them compressed >> lassort *.laz -olaz -point_source -gps_time sorts all LAZ files first by their point source ID and then by their GPS time and stores them compressed >> lassort *.txt -iparse xyzt -otxt -oparse xyzt z-orders all ASCII files with a default bucket size. >> lassort lidar.las sorted.las -verbose z-orders the points from lidar.las with a default bucket size. >> lassort -i tile.las -o tile_subtiled.las -levels 3 -verbose z-orders the points from tile tile.las with 3 subtiling levels. >> lassort -i tile.las -o tile_subtiled.las -average 1000 -verbose z-orders the points from tile tile.las with as many subtiling levels as required to get an average of 1000 points per bucket. >> lassort -i lidar.las -o lidar_sorted.las -bucket_size 2 -verbose z-orders the points from lidar.las with bucket size 2. for more info: C:\lastools\bin>lassort -h Filter points based on their coordinates. -clip_tile 631000 4834000 1000 (ll_x, ll_y, size) -clip_circle 630250.00 4834750.00 100 (x, y, radius) -clip 630000 4834000 631000 4836000 (min_x, min_y, max_x, max_y) -clip_x_below 630000.50 (min_x) -clip_y_below 4834500.25 (min_y) -clip_x_above 630500.50 (max_x) -clip_y_above 4836000.75 (max_y) -clip_z 11.125 130.725 (min_z, max_z) -clip_z_below 11.125 (min_z) -clip_z_above 130.725 (max_z) Filter points based on their return number. -first_only -last_only -keep_return 1 2 3 -drop_return 3 4 -single_returns_only -double_returns_only -triple_returns_only -quadruple_returns_only -quintuple_returns_only Filter points based on the scanline flags. -drop_scan_direction 0 -scan_direction_change_only -edge_of_flight_line_only Filter points based on their intensity. -keep_intensity 20 380 -drop_intensity_below 20 -drop_intensity_above 380 -drop_intensity_between 4000 5000 Filter points based on their classification. -keep_class 1 3 7 -drop_class 4 2 Filter points based on their point source ID. -keep_point_source 3 -keep_point_source_between 2 6 -drop_point_source_below 6 -drop_point_source_above 15 -drop_point_source_between 17 21 Filter points based on their scan angle. -keep_scan_angle -15 15 -drop_scan_angle_below -15 -drop_scan_angle_above 15 -drop_scan_angle_between -25 -23 Filter points based on their gps time. -keep_gps_time 11.125 130.725 -drop_gps_time_below 11.125 -drop_gps_time_above 130.725 -drop_gps_time_between 22.0 48.0 Filter points with simple thinning. -keep_every_nth 2 -keep_random_fraction 0.1 -thin_with_grid 1.0 Transform coordinates. -translate_x -2.5 -scale_z 0.3048 -rotate_xy 15.0 620000 4100000 (angle + origin) -translate_xyz 0.5 0.5 0 -translate_then_scale_y -0.5 1.001 -clamp_z 70.5 72.5 Transform raw xyz integers. -translate_raw_z 20 -translate_raw_xyz 1 1 0 -clamp_raw_z 500 800 Transform intensity. -scale_intensity 2.5 -translate_intensity 50 -translate_then_scale_intensity 0.5 3.1 Transform scan_angle. -scale_scan_angle 1.944445 -translate_scan_angle -5 -translate_then_scale_scan_angle -0.5 2.1 Repair points with return number or pulse count of zero. -repair_zero_returns Change classification by replacing one with another. -change_classification_from_to 2 4 Transform gps_time. -translate_gps_time 40.50 Transform RGB colors. -scale_rgb_down (by 256) -scale_rgb_up (by 256) Supported LAS Inputs -i lidar.las -i lidar.laz -i lidar1.las lidar2.las lidar3.las -merged -i *.las -i flight0??.laz flight1??.laz -single -i lidar.txt -iparse xyzti (on-the-fly from ASCII) -i lidar.txt -iparse xyzi -itranslate_intensity 1024 -lof file_list.txt -stdin (pipe from stdin) -rescale 0.1 0.1 0.1 -reoffset 600000 4000000 0 Supported LAS Outputs -o lidar.las -o lidar.laz -o xyzta.txt -oparse xyzta (on-the-fly to ASCII) -olas -olaz -otxt (specify format) -stdout (pipe to stdout) -nil (pipe to NULL) LAStools (by martin.isenburg@gmail.com) version 110521 (unlicensed) usage: lassort *.las lassort *.las -levels 5 lassort *.laz -bucket_size 10 -olaz lassort *.txt -iparse xyzt -otxt -oparse xyzt lassort lidar.las sorted.las lassort -i tile.las -o tile_subtiled.las -levels 3 -verbose lassort -i tile.las -o tile_subtiled.las -average 1000 -verbose lassort -i lidar.las -o lidar_sorted.las -bucket_size 5 lassort -i lidar.las -o lidar_sorted.las -bucket_size 2 -verbose lassort -h --------------- if you find bugs let me (martin.isenburg@gmail.com) know.